India Face Markings (Book Four, Card 33) For rites, dances, and battles, many Native American tribes painted their bodies and faces. The painted motifs were thought to have magical protection qualities. Warriors, chiefs, and braves were also made to appear more terrible by using colors and pictures.WAR PAINT—AND ITS MEANING:when it was applied to the …

Drum Messages (Book Four, Card 32) Drums were invented and used by societies living in forested areas as an early form of long-distance communication and for ceremonial and religious purposes. Drum communication methods are based on actual natural languages and are not languages in and of themselves. The noises made are idiomatic or conventionalised signals …

Indian Sculpture (Book Four, Card 31) Native American sculptures have been popular since prehistoric times. Many carvings, such as fetishes, have been discovered by archaeologists. Native American fetishes are animal sculptures or carvings that are frequently used in religious rites. These fetishes, according to Native Americans, have mystical properties. Today, many people, particularly the Zuni, …